‘Managing Expectations: Locke on Moral Mediocrity’

Originally posted on Footnotes to plato:

john-locke-portrait

The title for this blog post comes from the name of a lecture I recently attended given by Catherine Wilson as part of the London Lecture Series held by the Royal Institute of Philosophy on the 20th February 2015.

Before I examine and comment on the content of the lecture, I will first include a brief introduction for those not familiar with Locke:

John Locke was among the most famous philosophers and political theorists of the 17th century.  He is often regarded as the founder of a school of thought known as British Empiricism, and he made foundational contributions to moderntheories of limited, liberal government. He was also influential in the areas of theology, religious toleration, and educational theory. In his most important work, the Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Locke set out to offer an analysis of the human mind and its acquisition of knowledge.’ – The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy

Locke is well known for his argument that at birth, the mind is a blank slate or ‘tabula rasa’. Indeed Locke defied Cartesian philosophy which postulated that we are born with innate ideas and instead argued that we gain knowledge via experience and sense perception.

In a lecture which was both stimulating and challenging, Catherine Wilson described her aims as being firstly ‘ to show how Locke implicitly rejects the Stoic claim that the philosopher is able to unlearn or staunch emotional responses to events in life and the claim that ideals of virtue as such can be a motive to moral conduct. ‘

She developed this by describing the way in which Locke’s moral philosophy strives towards an account of human nature which is both ‘realistic’ and ‘adequate’ and does not depict reason as superior to feeling.

Wilson outlined her second aim as ‘showing how this shift is associated not only with a moral-theological shift from an emphasis on justice and retribution to ‘sympathy’ and mercy but also with Locke’s aim to secure normativity in the face of the materialistic hypothesis’ .

It is also interesting to consider what influence Locke’s experience as a physician had on his moral philosophy. I particularly enjoyed Wilson’s suggestion that perhaps regularly dissecting brains had some impact on his view that matter is the fundamental substance in nature (materialism). He rejected the Cartesian view that there exists a detachable, incorporeal soul – which can think even when independent of the body – arguing instead that we have no evidence for the existence of incorporeal, cogitative substances.

I personally found the most interesting aspect of this lecture the apparent conflict between Locke’s emphasis on the ‘unique correctness of Christian morality’ and his materialist and empiricist outlook. As Wilson put it ‘despite – indeed because of – his suspicion that we are hedonistic machines, he needs the Christian revelation with its carrot-and-stick approach to defining and cultivating virtue’.
This talk was free and available to the public, you can watch all the lectures held as part of this year’s ‘History of Philosophy’ series here:

http://royalinstitutephilosophy.org/publications/video/philosophical-traditions/

The birds keep singing

JessMichorWrites's avatarJess Writes

What do you do when
The world has lost its charm
But hasn’t shown you its secrets yet?

What do you do when
All food has lost its flavor,
And the spices have lost their zest?
When the thought of the future just doesn’t move you anymore?
And when the satisfaction
Of a day well-lived,
Is just so seldom experienced?

What do you do when the movies seem less real?
And the laughter and tears feel less rich?
When the calmness feels less nourishing,
And the passions feel like they are wiped over
With grey paint?

If you came to this poem
Hoping you’d find an answer,
You better go knocking
On some other
Poor woman’s door.

The birds outside my dirty window keep singing
“Hold tight,”
“Hold tight,”
“The dream will change,”
“The dream will change.”

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More Than A Memento

© Tonya Rieley Hengerer

In life, we often go through our days interacting with others, but not really connecting.  It’s just the way it is.  Most days we are busy, stressed, and distracted–replaying yesterday and worrying about tomorrow.  It can be difficult to be in the moment, to observe and listen, to be present–to look and actually see.  Not that we mean to or want to, but sometimes we operate on a superficial level.  This is partly because we are so engaged in our own worlds, disconnected and unable to relate to something outside of ourselves.

I’m reminded of an experience I had this summer while visiting my most favorite place–England.  My husband and I were spending the day in a Cotswolds market town in Gloucestershire, a charming place with honey-colored, stone architecture and baskets full of colorful, cascading flowers adorning the front of every other building.  As we made our way along the busy street, a courtyard with shops and galleries caught our attention.  We walked into the brightly lit space, sunlight streaming down from the skylights above, illuminating the shops before us.  I immediately noticed the simple but stunning jewelry in one of the galleries.  I walked in and began to browse.  My gaze landed on an understated, wide, silver band with an anticlastic shape.  It was lovely.  I wanted to try it on, but I didn’t see anyone.  I looked across the hallway, and sitting opposite the gallery, in a studio, was the artist.  She was petite with short, blonde hair–maybe in her mid to late forties, an attractive woman.  She was sitting, bent over her wooden, work table with a giant light craning over her.  She wore some sort of head-gear with a magnifier on it.  I walked over.  “Hi, I’m sorry to disturb you, but could I try on one of your rings?” I asked.    She looked up with kind eyes and a warm smile.  “Of course,” she answered.  She stood up and came over, pausing  a minute to clean the silver tarnish from her hands, before handing me the ring.  I tried it on; and, it fit perfectly.  “I’ll take it,” I said.

As she prepared and wrapped the ring for me to purchase, I commented that her jewelry was beautiful and asked how she started working in this medium.  I was expecting a one or two-line reply, but what I got instead was one of the most powerful and meaningful interactions that I’d ever had with another person.  She began speaking to me as if I were a confidant, someone she’d known for years.  She was dignified and comfortable in the unfolding of her answer to my question.

She shared that she’d worked in the healthcare field, been married to her husband for close to 20 years and had two children.  Then one day, her husband asked for a divorce; she was devastated.  She went on to confide that she had emotionally spiraled into a dark place, having a nervous breakdown and becoming anorexic.  The words she was saying were not congruent with the healthy, self-assured woman standing before me.  I listened, but shifted uncomfortably.  “Why was she telling me this?” I wondered.  The answer: Because I had asked.

She went on to share her story and lay herself bare in this real and raw way.  She explained that during her recovery, she struggled with obsessive thoughts about food.  Initially, she was only surviving on fewer than 100 calories a day.  “It’s really counterintuitive.  You’d think if you were anorexic, you wouldn’t think about food; but it’s not so.  I thought about it constantly,” she said.

Her therapist suggested a hobby that would be engaging in order to distract her mind from the relentless thoughts about food.  So, the idea of working with precious metals and making jewelry was born.  She went on to tell me of the endless days that she’d sit, working, creating–thoughts of food inundating her waking hours.  That is until one day.  It was just another day of obsessive thoughts bombarding her tired mind, when she realized that 30 seconds had passed, and she hadn’t even thought about food.  She had become totally engrossed in her work–completely in the moment.   It was a small victory, but something on which she could build.  She continued on her path of recovery, saying her art was her salvation.  She had suffered and struggled, but she was steadily rebounding.  She kept working, day after day, determined to overcome the obsessive thoughts that had her in their grip.  Then, it happened again.  She was creating a piece of jewelry and realized that she was smiling.  And it hit her:  she was so immersed in the moment, in the pleasure and peace of creating, that she hadn’t thought about food for quite a while.

I stood there, listening to this woman who had been a stranger to me only minutes earlier, a light of truth radiating from her.  I felt incredibly moved, not only by her story, but by the way in which she shared it, without ceremony or airs, but sincerely, matter-of-factly, and without apologies.  Empathy and admiration for this person overwhelmed me, and I was compelled to reach out in some manner.  I stepped forward and put my arms around her.  She acknowledged the moment and said that sharing her story was part of her ongoing recovery.  She assured me that she was fine now;  she was healthy, happily re-married, her children in college and her jewelry in demand.

The visit was drawing to a close.  As we chatted, she proceeded to place the carefully wrapped box with the ring into a bag, adding her card and a piece of candy.  She handed it to me and smiled.  I smiled back, thanked her and said good-bye.  This unusual, spontaneous and fleeting moment of connection was over.  As I walked away, a sea of emotion flooded over me.  Having just listened to this woman’s poignant journey and witnessed her triumph, the enormity of it struck me; and I wept.

Here’s the thing:  At one time or another, most of us have found ourselves in a dark place of sorts.  This woman suffered and struggled, but she had made her way back to herself.  I felt a strong sense of compassion and respect for her.  It was her resilience and grace that she so effortlessly conveyed that was immensely stirring.  I’m grateful that I walked into her gallery that day.  She transformed the simple act of buying a holiday memento into a spiritual experience, a routine interaction into a moment of connection with another human being that I would not soon forget.

I wear the ring that she made nearly everyday.  It’s not a particularly expensive or flashy ring.  Its value lies more in what it symbolizes to me:  a reminder to be in the moment, to try not to worry, and most importantly–to really see the people around me.  Also, remembering that we don’t ever know what private battle someone may be waging, but hopefully winning, because we took the time to care.

Fourth Generation Farmgirl's avatarfourth generation farmgirl

In life, we often go through our days interacting with others, but not really connecting.  It’s just the way it is.  Most days we are busy, stressed, and distracted–replaying yesterday and worrying about tomorrow.  It can be difficult to be in the moment, to observe and listen, to be present–to look and actually see.  Not that we mean to or want to, but sometimes we operate on a superficial level.  This is partly because we are so engaged in our own worlds, disconnected and unable to relate to something outside of ourselves.

I’m reminded of an experience I had this summer while visiting my most favorite place–England.  My husband and I were spending the day in a Cotswolds market town in Gloucestershire, a charming place with honey-colored, stone architecture and baskets full of colorful, cascading flowers adorning the front of every other building.  As we made our way along the…

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DESPERATELY SEEKING READERS

Image

 Soumya Mukherjee

 

 

“Soumya is an alumni of St. Stephen’s College and Delhi School of Economics where he was supposed to have studied Economics. He, however, did not let studies interfere with his education. Currently he earns his daily bhat mach by working for a PSU Insurance company, and lectures for peanuts., He is addicted to the printed word and has been devouring it since learning to read. In whatever time this leaves him he pursues his other passions, family,films,travel,food,trekking,wildlife,music,theater,and occasionally,writing. He has been published earlier in TOI, HT, Express, and other lesser known papers and magazines. He is currently trying to learn the ropes of  tech challenged blogging.”

 

 

DESPERATELY SEEKING SUGGESTIONS

Written for a prompt on project 365, a newby blogger seeking advice from veterans:

Dearest Sir or Madam, more likely the latter, please guide a confused babe in the woods in this confusing virtual world of letters, where writers outnumber readers by a ratio of 10:1. That is if you can call a wrong side of fifty overweight graying man a babe, and this strange land populated by such fabulous beasts as urls, linkys, widgets  et al as wood…. But in the virtual world anything goes. And batting my eyelids won’t be visible behind my thick minus six progressive glasses, but still do help me out.

I need to unravel the eternal enigma of the amateur writer- how to grab eyeballs. How to get someone who doesn’t owe me money, filial loyalty, bonds of brohood or is otherwise indebted to me, in other words complete strangers, to read the outpourings of my soul. And read it to the end, controlling impatience, irritability and the myriad distractions of the millions of other posts, as well as that shadowy realm of the real world, inhabited by live humans who exist outside the laptop screen.

In the ancient times of snailmail and manual typewriters and little magazines and stenographers, life was simple. You simply dictated your ramblings, and sent the manuscript in double spaced type, one side of the page only, by post, addressed to the editor, along with a stamped self addressed envelope, and you got a polite rejection letter, or more rarely a cheque by post. Or you wrote longhand and dropped it at the friendly neighborhood little magazine publishers place, to see it in print when they could afford the next issue. The whole affair was leisurely, and took months, and you were gratified to see your babies in print, around once a month, sometimes with a monetary reward, but you didn’t know if anybody ever read it.

Nowadays I have to type it, with great difficulty, and through many trials and errors manage to upload it and share it on the social media, then wait for the elusive blue columns to see who has read them. Then waiting in vain for ratings and likes, turning greener than Greenpeace at the sight of you veterans with one million views, five thousand followers, comments ten pages long,  likes from hundred odd people., and dozens of awards advertised on the margins.

Your pieces come in myriad fonts, liberally peppered with pictures, videos and links, with many alluring exertions to comment and share. Your background and profile pix grab me by the collar and make me read. My piece in plain B&W text stand out forlornly like the spinster aunt at a ball in old English films, waiting desperately for a dance.

Tell me, should I change my Nome de plume to Partygirl and the profile picture to a early shot of Madonna (from whose first film I have stolen the title). On second thoughts, no… it might put off the ladies, who seem to constitute 80% of the population of this blogging world, and the only ones who sometimes read like and comment.

Modern poets, whose work no one reads, have a protocol. You listen to my ravings and I listen to yours. Anyone who welshes, runs away without listening to others after having read out one’s own, they are hunted down mercilessly by the thwarted poets. Does this work in the blogging world too?

Stories flock my mind, fighting to be born, held up by the roadblock of my tech illiteracy.  After giving sweat and blood in getting it into the netsphere, how do I find readers, followers and get those awards?

Wiseguy From The East's avatarIdyll Dreams of an Idle Fellow

DESPARETELY SEEKING SUGGESTIONS

Written for a prompt on project 365, a newby blogger seeking advice from veterans

Dearest Sir or Madam, more likely the latter, please guide a confused babe in the woods in this confusing virtual world of letters, where writers outnumber readers by a ratio of 10:1. That is if you can call a wrong side of fifty overweight graying man a babe, and this strange land populated by such fabulous beasts as urls, linkys, widgets  et al as wood…. But in the virtual world anything goes. And batting my eyelids won’t be visible behind my thick minus six progressive glasses, but still do help me out.

I need to unravel the eternal enigma of the amateur writer- how to grab eyeballs. How to get someone who doesn’t owe me money, filial loyalty, bonds of brohood or is otherwise indebted to me, in other words complete strangers, to…

View original post 469 more words

SUPPORTING WRITERS AND THEIR WORK

Ken Finton's avatarKenneth Harper Finton

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ANOTHER ONE BITES THE DUST

This month we lost another outlet for writers of short fiction and poetry. Pithy Pages has closed their doors. Writers, of course, need readers but unless readers support the writers by buying their works, contributing to their continued efforts, and commenting on their blog pages, then the accomplished writers will be driven to other ways of communication of will give up their efforts entirely. The publishers at Pithy Pages have gracefully allowed me to reprint their final comments on their short-lived project.

From the Publishers of Pithy Pages For Erudite Readers

This is our last issue  and quite frankly we think it is unfortunate. We have had a wonderful time reading the many, many stories submitted by a wide range of authors. One of the most difficult things any publisher must do is select a few stories for publication from the many received. The authors we have published…

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